Consider cup geometry, product shape, surface condition, material, vacuum level, acceleration, orientation and required safety factor.

No. Any theoretical lifting-force value must be reduced using an appropriate engineering safety factor and validated under actual application conditions.

Performance on porous materials depends on leakage and available vacuum flow. Application testing may be required, and a higher-flow vacuum source or a different handling method may be more appropriate.

Confirm the cup compound against product temperature, surface finish, chemical exposure and any marking or contamination restrictions.